Nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from bacteria contain diverse cargo and transfer
intercellular bioactive molecules to cells. Due to their favorable intercellular interactions, cell …

Both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that
contain components from their mother cells. Bacterial EVs are similar in size to mammalian …

Cells from all three domains of life, Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya, produce extracellular
vesicles (EVs) which are sometimes associated with filamentous structures known as …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived lipid bilayers secreted by bacteria and
eukaryotic cells. Bacterial membrane vesicles were discovered over 60 years ago and have …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all domains of life. In Gram-negative bacteria,
EVs are produced by the pinching off of the outer membrane; however, how EVs escape the …

Bone and soft tissue tumors are complex mesenchymal neoplasms that seriously endanger
human health. Over the past decade, the relationship between microorganisms and human …

All bacteria produce secreted vesicles that carry out a variety of important biological
functions. These extracellular vesicles can improve adaptation and survival by relieving …

Background Lactobacillus reuteri strains are widely used as probiotics to prevent and treat
inflammatory bowel disease by modulating the host's immune system. However, the …

Cancer therapy is undergoing a paradigm shift toward immunotherapy focusing on various
approaches to activate the host immune system. As research to identify appropriate immune …

The tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) is the major cytotoxicity factor of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Mtb) in macrophages. TNT is the C-terminal domain of the outer membrane …