Modern subunit vaccines based on homogeneous antigens offer more precise targeting and
improved safety compared with traditional whole-pathogen vaccines. However, they are also …

In conjugate, inactivated, recombinant, and toxoid vaccines, adjuvants are extensively and
essentially used for enhanced and long-lasting protective immune responses. Depending …

Biotherapy has recently become a hotspot research topic with encouraging prospects in
various fields due to a wide range of treatments applications, as demonstrated in preclinical …

In spite of current influenza vaccines being immunogenic, evolution of the influenza virus
can reduce efficacy and so influenza remains a major threat to public health. One approach …

Engineering vaccine-based therapeutics for infectious diseases is highly challenging, as
trial formulations are often found to be nonspecific, ineffective, thermally or hydrolytically …

It is easy to argue that vaccine development represents humankind's most important and
successful endeavour, such is the impact that vaccination has had on human morbidity and …

The extensive efforts around the globe are being made to develop a suitable vaccine
against COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute …

Alginate hydrogel particles are promising delivery systems for protein encapsulation and
controlled release because of their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mild …

Inulin-type fructans (ITFs) as functional fructans and soluble dietary fiber are a mixture of
inulin, oligofructose and fructooligosaccharide with β configuration. They are modified by gut …

Highlights•Most current vaccines are less immunogenic and efficient in the older
population.•New adjuvants have improved vaccination success for several …