This article presents and analyzes speech data from secondary-level learners of Spanish
who are engaged in a problem-solving speaking task commonly used in classrooms and in …

Communicative tasks are defined as activities in which meaning is primary, there is a goal
which needs to be worked toward, there is a real world relationship and the interaction …

The notion of learner‐centred instruction in foreign and second languages grew out of the
recognition that language learners are diverse, in their reasons for learning another …

This volume focuses on the decision-making potential provided by second language
performance assessments. The authors first situate performance assessment within a …

The paper begins by distinguishing between task-based testing and performance testing. It
then provides a short historical overview of the development of performance assessment …

Based on the author's twenty-five years of experience teaching French as a foreign
language, this ground-breaking qualitative study on learner autonomy explores the complex …

In teaching and learning foreign languages in places where the target language is not
spoken, it is difficult but important to increase interactive opportunities among learners. A …

Abstract Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is the current trend of second/foreign
language learning. CLT has contributed to moving the focus from the forms of language to …

One of the tasks which is of great importance for students, especially in advanced-level
language classes, is the oral presentation. This paper was an attempt to identify what Iranian …

This paper discusses the form and use of learning contracts in second language teaching
and learning. It suggests that learning contracts are an ideal means to offer language …