Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a new technology being implemented into the
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standards to support machine-to-machine communications …

Spectrum sensing is the basic and essential mechanisms of Cognitive Radio (CR) to find the
unused spectrum. This paper presents an overview of CR architecture, discusses the …

For spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks, the IEEE 802.22 standard requires the
detection of primary signals with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as low as-20 dB and receiver …

Spectrum sensing is regarded as a key technology in cognitive radio (CR). Energy detector
has been performed as an alternative spectrum sensing method because of its low …

Cognitive radios (CRs) can exploit vacancies in licensed frequency bands to self-organize in
opportunistic spectrum networks. Such networks, henceforth referred to as cognitive radio …

Spectrum sensing is an essential technique for cognitive radios. This paper addresses the
spectrum sensing under uncertain noise power and proposes an adaptive spectrum sensing …

We examine the small sample size performance of the energy detector for spectrum sensing
in AWGN. By making use of the cube-of-Gaussian approximation of chi-squared random …

Cognitive radio now-a-days has opened a new horizon for researchers to mitigate the up-
growing demand for RF spectrum within our limited resources. The threshold plays very …

The key enabling functionality of a cognitive radio is to ensure that it would not interfere with
primary users, by reliably detecting primary user signals. Due to the low computational …

As mentioned before, the energy detector senses spectrum holes by determining whether
the primary signal is absent or present in a given frequency slot. The energy detector …