The radiation from stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) creates photodissociation regions
(PDRs) and X-ray-dominated regions (XDRs), where the chemistry or heating is dominated …

Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The
chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary …

Planets form and obtain their compositions in dust-and gas-rich disks around young stars,
and the outcome of this process is intimately linked to the disk chemical properties. The …

Planets form in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The disk molecular reservoirs and
their chemical evolution affect all aspects of planet formation, from the coagulation of dust …

We propose a set of standard assumptions for the modelling of Class II and III protoplanetary
disks, which includes detailed continuum radiative transfer, thermo-chemical modelling of …

Context. With the Herschel Space Observatory, lines of simple molecules (C+, O, and high-J
lines of CO, J up≳ 14) have been observed in the atmosphere of protoplanetary disks. When …

Protoplanetary disks are the sites of planet formation, and the evolution and eventual
dispersal of these disks strongly influences the formation of planetary systems. Disk …

We present high-resolution (0 farcs 3= 16 AU), high signal-to-noise ratio Submillimeter Array
observations of the 870 μm (345 GHz) continuum and CO J= 3− 2 line emission from the …

Context. Planet formation is closely related to the structure and dispersal of protoplanetary
disks. A certain class of disks, called transition disks, exhibit cavities in dust images at scales …

Context. Embedded planets are potentially the cause of substructures, such as gaps and
cavities, observed in the continuum images of several protoplanetary discs. Likewise, gas …