Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global
population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water …

Growing water demands have led to rapidly increasing desalination installation capacity
worldwide. In an attempt to lower carbon footprint resulting from high-energy consuming …

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an emerging membrane based technology that captures
electricity from controlled mixing of two water streams of different salinities. To date, great …

The utilization of osmosis for engineered applications sparked off various emerging
technologies relying on osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs). Represented by …

Biomimetic and bio‐inspired membranes draw great attention and generate extensive efforts
to solve environmental, health, and energy issues. In this field, track‐etched membranes …

Seawater is receiving consideration as an infinite water source in the current era of water
shortage. The application of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) to prepare seawater for …

Salinity gradient energy is currently attracting growing attention among the scientific
community as a renewable energy source. In particular, Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) is …

Combining two solutions of different composition releases the Gibbs free energy of mixing.
By using engineered processes to control the mixing, chemical energy stored in salinity …

Salinity difference between seawater and river water is a sustainable energy resource that
catches eyes of the public and the investors in the background of energy crisis. To capture …

Recently, forward osmosis (FO) has attracted growing attention in many potential
applications such as power generation, desalination, wastewater treatment and food …