Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the structural and molecular
biology of type IV secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria. The latest advances have …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation
superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies:(i) conjugation systems that …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a versatile group of nanomachines that can
horizontally transfer DNA through conjugation and deliver effector proteins into a wide range …

Bacteria of the genus Legionella are natural pathogens of amoebae that can cause a severe
pneumonia in humans called Legionnaires' Disease. Human disease results from inhalation …

Colonization of the human stomach with Helicobacter pylori strains containing the cag
pathogenicity island is a risk factor for development of gastric cancer. The cag pathogenicity …

Bacteria need to deliver large molecules out of the cytosol to the extracellular space or even
across membranes of neighboring cells to influence their environment, prevent predation …

Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen that causes the potentially fatal
pneumonia Legionnaires' Disease. This infection and subsequent pathology require the …

Intravacuolar pathogens need to gradually expand their surrounding vacuole to
accommodate the growing number of bacterial offspring during intracellular replication. Here …

To prevail in the interaction with eukaryotic hosts, many bacterial pathogens use protein
secretion systems to release virulence factors at the host–pathogen interface and/or deliver …

Bacterial plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements that often carry antimicrobial
resistance (AMR) genes and genes encoding increased virulence and can be transmissible …