The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mechanistic target of
rapamycin) forms the distinct protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 and integrates …

Abstract CD4+ T helper (TH) cells regulate appropriate cellular and humoral immune
responses to a wide range of pathogens and are central to the success of vaccines …

Metformin has been studied for its anticancer effects by regulating T cell functions. However,
the mechanisms through which metformin stimulates the differentiation of memory T cells …

Follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) are the prototypic helper T cell subset specialized to
enable B cells to form germinal centers (GCs) and produce high-affinity antibodies. We …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNA molecules, have emerged as important
regulators of almost all cellular processes. By binding to specific sequence motifs within the …

Induction of protective vaccine responses, governed by the successful generation of antigen-
specific antibodies and long-lived memory T cells, is increasingly impaired with age …

Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) are emerging as key controllers of T‐cell differentiation and
function. Their expression is dynamically regulated by extracellular signals such as …

Aging is characterized, amongst other features, by a complex process of cellular
senescence involving both innate and adaptive immunity, called immunosenescence and …

Micro RNA s (mi RNA s) are instrumental to many aspects of immunity, including various
levels of T‐cell immunity. Over the last decade, crucial immune functions were shown to be …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease without effective treatment.
Despite decades of research and the development of novel treatments, PAH remains a fatal …