In recent years, there has been rising interest in additively manufactured shape memory
polymers (SMPs) and their multi-functional composites. Four-dimensional (4D) printing is an …

Mechanical metamaterials are a class of functional materials with designability and
extraordinary mechanical properties. Due to the manufacturing limitation of traditional …

Micro/nano functional devices featuring deep integration, intelligence, and miniaturization
have attracted considerable attention in frontier areas of research, such as micro/nano …

The idea of four-dimensional (4D) printing is the formation of intricate stimuli-responsive 3D
architectures that transform into different forms and shapes upon exposure to environmental …

Multistability plays an important role in advanced engineering applications such as
metastructures, deployable structures, and reconfigurable robotics. However, most existing …

Bistable mechanical systems having two local minima of potential energy can rest in either
of the two stable equilibrium states in the absence of external loadings. A snap‐through …

The rapidly expanding field of soft robotics has provided multiple examples of how entirely
soft machines and actuators can outperform conventional rigid robots in terms of …

One of the major challenges in 4D printed Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs) is their slow
response to thermal stimuli. Synthetic carbon fillers have been introduced to address this …

Developing bistable metamaterials has recently offered a new design paradigm for
deployable structures and reusable dampers. While most bistable mechanisms possess …

Shape memory materials can maintain temporary shapes without external constraints and
revert to their permanent shape upon exposure to an external stimulus, such as heat, light …