Background Discoveries that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is involved in the
pathological process of depression provided a new strategy for novel antidepressant …

About 20% of patients with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease will
experience further cardiovascular events despite maximal pharmacological treatment with …

Methotrexate (MTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent used for treating several types of cancer as
well as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, but its use is limited due to its nephrotoxicity. The …

Biological mediators secreted during peripheral chronic inflammation reach the bloodstream
and may damage the blood–brain barrier (BBB), triggering central nervous system (CNS) …

Patients with autoimmune rheumatic conditions, particularly rheumatoid arthritis, have an
increased cardiovascular risk when compared with the general population. Methotrexate is a …

Renal injury induced by the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX) is a serious
adverse effect that has limited its use in the treatment of various clinical conditions. The …

Resveratrol (RES) is a well‐known polyphenol antioxidant. We have previously shown that
testicular protective effect of RES against the anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX)‐induced …

Background The anti-diabetic drug, empagliflozin (EMPA), has many pleiotropic actions and
is challenged recently to possess renoprotective properties. This renoprotective potential is …

Increasing age is a strong, independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular
disease. Key abnormalities driving cardiovascular risk in old age include endothelial …

Sodium valproate, one of the most widely used antiepileptic drugs, has been noted to induce
nephrotoxicity through elevation of oxidative stress. Carvedilol, a non-specific beta …