During the last decade, a number of studies have shown that, in addition to their classically
described reproductive function, estrogens and androgens also regulate the immune system …

The stress response is a normal reaction to a real or perceived threat. However, stress
response systems that are overwhelmed or out of balance can increase both the incidence …

In pristine natural waters, silver (Ag) occurs at low ng L− 1 levels, rising to 1000-fold at highly
contaminated sites. The free ion Ag+ appears to be the sole cause of acute toxicity in …

DNA methylation, a well-studied epigenetic mark, is important for gene regulation in
adulthood and for development. Using genetic and epigenetic approaches, the present …

The present study assessed the effects of dietary turmeric on Cyprinus carpio resistance and
responses to copper exposure. First, the fish were assigned to four treatments received diets …

The present work aims to explore the time-response (from 24 h to 96 h) characteristic and
identify early potential sensitive biomarkers of copper (Cu)(as copper chloride dihydrate) …

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid that activates a variety of
biological activities including cell proliferation. Three mammalian LPA receptor (LPAr) …

The dynamic relationships between the changes in cortisol synthesis during and after a
stressor and the expression pattern of the key genes that regulate the different levels of the …

In the present study, protective effects of dietary eucalyptol were investigated against copper
toxicity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The fish were fed with diets supplemented with 0 …

Worldwide, a number of viable populations of fish are found in environments heavily
contaminated with metals, including brown trout (Salmo trutta) inhabiting the River Hayle in …