Vaccines based on historical virus isolates provide limited protection from continuously
evolving RNA viruses, such as influenza viruses or coronaviruses, which occasionally spill …

Seasonal influenza vaccines lack efficacy against drifted or pandemic influenza strains.
Developing improved vaccines that elicit broader immunity remains a public health priority …

Seasonal influenza viruses constantly change through antigenic drift and the emergence of
pandemic influenza viruses through antigenic shift is unpredictable. Conventional influenza …

Influenza vaccines that confer broad and durable protection against diverse viral strains
would have a major effect on global health, as they would lessen the need for annual …

Repeated exposure to pathogens or their antigens triggers anamnestic antibody responses
that are higher in magnitude and affinity than the primary response. These involve …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a new, effective vaccine platform with high
capacity for rapid development. Generation of a universal influenza virus vaccine with the …

Influenza viruses remain a severe burden to human health because of their contribution to
overall morbidity and mortality. Current seasonal influenza virus vaccines do not provide …

Influenza viruses are responsible for millions of cases globally and significantly threaten
public health. Since pandemic and zoonotic influenza viruses have emerged in the last 20 …

Influenza viruses usually cause seasonal influenza epidemics and influenza pandemics,
resulting in acute respiratory illness and, in severe cases, multiple organ complications and …

Influenza B viruses have circulated in humans for over 80 y, causing a significant disease
burden. Two antigenically distinct lineages (“B/Victoria/2/87-like” and “B/Yamagata/16/88 …