People spontaneously create counterfactual alternatives to reality when they think “if only” or
“what if” and imagine how the past could have been different. The mind computes …

Impulsivity and compulsivity represent useful conceptualizations that involve dissociable
cognitive functions, which are mediated by neuroanatomically and neurochemically distinct …

Prominent theories suggest that compulsive behaviors, characteristic of obsessive-
compulsive disorder and addiction, are driven by shared deficits in goal-directed control …

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) has become a paradigmatic case of goal-directed
dysfunction in psychiatry. In this article, we review the neurobiological evidence, historical …

Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition that typically
manifests in compulsive urges to perform irrational or excessive avoidance behaviors. A …

Compulsivity has been recently characterized as a manifestation of an imbalance between
the brain׳ s goal-directed and habit-learning systems. Habits are perhaps the most …

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the neural correlates of excessive
habit formation in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The authors aimed to test for …

Progress in understanding the underlying neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD) has stalled in part because of the considerable problem of heterogeneity within this …

Research in computational psychiatry is dominated by models of behavior. Subjective
experience during behavioral tasks is not well understood, even though it should be relevant …

A goal of computational psychiatry is to ground symptoms in basic mechanisms. Theory
suggests that avoidance in anxiety disorders may reflect dysregulated mental simulation, a …