Physical access to DNA is a highly dynamic property of chromatin that plays an essential
role in establishing and maintaining cellular identity. The organization of accessible …

Abstract Assay of Transposase Accessible Chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) is widely
used in studying chromatin biology, but a comprehensive review of the analysis tools has …

Following fertilization, the two specified gametes must unite to create an entirely new
organism. The genome is initially transcriptionally quiescent, allowing the zygote to be …

The development of animal embryos is initially directed by maternal gene products. Then,
during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), developmental control is handed to the …

The first major developmental transition in vertebrate embryos is the maternal-to-zygotic
transition (MZT) when maternal mRNAs are degraded and zygotic transcription begins …

In eukaryotes, DNA is packed inside the cell nucleus in the form of chromatin, which consists
of DNA, proteins such as histones, and RNA. Euchromatin, which is permissive for …

Gene activation requires the cooperative activity of multiple transcription factors at cis-
regulatory elements (CREs). Yet, most transcription factors have short residence time …

Upon fertilization, embryos undergo chromatin reprogramming and genome activation;
however, the mechanisms that regulate these processes are poorly understood. Here, we …

Though cell size varies between different cells and across species, the nuclear-to-
cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio is largely maintained across species and within cell types. A cell …

It is essential for cells to control which genes are transcribed into RNA. In eukaryotes, two
major control points are recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) into a paused state, and …