Ten years ago, three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers, or plasmonic
nanolasers, after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of …

This article reviews recent theoretical and experimental advances in the fundamental
understanding and active control of quantum fluids of light in nonlinear optical systems. In …

Statistical mechanics is founded on the assumption that all accessible configurations of a
system are equally likely. This requires dynamics that explore all states over time, known as …

Abstract Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC)—the macroscopic ground-state accumulation
of particles with integer spin (bosons) at low temperature and high density—has been …

The nonlinear propagation of coherent optical fields has been extensively explored in the
framework of nonlinear optics, while the linear propagation of incoherent fields has been …

We develop a nonequilibrium model of condensation and lasing of photons in a dye filled
microcavity. We examine in detail the nature of the thermalization process induced by …

Abstract The observation of Bose–Einstein condensation, in which particle interactions lead
to a thermodynamic transition into a single, macroscopically populated coherent state, is a …

We consider the long-term evolution of a random nonlinear wave that propagates in a
multimode optical waveguide. The optical wave exhibits a thermalization process …

Analog models of black holes have unequivocally proven to be extremely beneficial in
providing critical information regarding black hole spectroscopy, superradiance, quantum …

We report measurements of particle number correlations and fluctuations of a photon Bose-
Einstein condensate in a dye microcavity using a Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiment. The …