Humans have lived in a dynamic environment fraught with potential dangers for thousands
of years. While fear and stress were crucial for the survival of our ancestors, today, they are …

Head trauma is the most common cause of disability in young adults. Known as a silent
epidemic, it can cause a mosaic of symptoms, whether neurological (sensory–motor …

Recent studies examining the neurobiology of substance abuse have revealed a significant
role of neuroimmune signaling as a mechanism through which drugs of abuse induce …

Background: Stress disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are attracting
much attention. However, the relationship between traumatic stress and inflammation is …

Background Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse brain dysfunction,
characterized by cognitive and memory impairments closely linked to hippocampal …

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by depression/anxiety and memory
failure, primarily fear memory. According to the reports, neuroinflammation and synaptic …

Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is a risk factor for systemic diseases, including
neurodegenerative diseases. The role of the local and systemic inflammation induced by PD …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neurodegeneration, memory loss, and social
withdrawal. Brain inflammation has emerged as a key pathogenic mechanism in AD. We …

Central glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity is enhanced following traumatic events, playing
a key role in the stress-related cognitive abnormalities of posttraumatic stress disorder …

The nonapeptide, oxytocin (OT), known for its role in social bonding and attachment
formation, has demonstrated anxiolytic properties in animal models and human studies …