Microplastics are now polluting all seas and, while studies have found numerous negative
interactions between plastic pollution and marine animals, the effects on embryonic …

A fundamental goal in the organogenesis field is to understand how cells organize into
tubular shapes. Toward this aim, we have established the hydro-vascular organ in the sea …

Identifying the location of a specific RNA in a cell, tissue, or embryo is essential to
understand its function. Here we use echinoderm embryos to demonstrate the power of …

Despite being one of the bilaterians, the body plan of echinoderms shifts from bilateral
symmetry to five-fold radial, or pentaradial symmetry during embryogenesis or their …

Mesoderm represents the evolutionary youngest germ layer and forms numerous novel
tissues in bilaterian animals. Despite the established conservation of the gene regulatory …

A wild-type vertebrate embryo first generates its head and then extends its main body axis
by successively appending trunk and tail. This rostro-caudal (head-to-tail) development is …

E-proteins are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors with essential roles in
animal development. In mammals, these are encoded by three loci: E2-2 (ITF …

With the development of genome projects for many different phyla, the potential for these
organisms to contribute more to our understanding of basic cell and molecular processes …