The present white paper is submitted as part of the “Snowmass” process to help inform the
long-term plans of the United States Department of Energy and the National Science …

Abstract The Modular X-and Gamma-ray Sensor (MXGS) is an imaging and spectral X-and
Gamma-ray instrument mounted on the starboard side of the Columbus module on the …

Two different hard-radiation phenomena are known to originate from thunderclouds:
terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) and gamma-ray glows. Both involve an avalanche of …

Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are transient gamma-ray emissions from
thunderstorms, generated by electrons accelerated to relativistic energies in electric fields …

Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are high-energy emissions in thunderstorms that were
discovered first by satellite-based and then by ground-based gamma-ray detectors with …

Abstract The Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) was launched to the
International Space Station on 2 April 2018. The ASIM payload consists of two main …

In this paper we report the first close, high‐resolution observations of downward‐directed
terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs) detected by the large‐area Telescope Array cosmic …

We report on a terrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) that occurred on 15 August 2014 coincident
with an altitude‐triggered lightning at the International Center for Lightning Research and …

Bursts of gamma ray showers have been observed in coincidence with downward
propagating negative leaders in lightning flashes by the Telescope Array Surface Detector …

We report on the spectral analysis of individual terrestrial gamma‐ray flashes (TGFs)
observed with the Fermi Gamma‐ray Burst Monitor (GBM). The large GBM TGF sample …