Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), originally identified as osteoinductive components in
extracts derived from bone, are now known to play important roles in a wide array of …

BMP signaling plays an important role in dentin development. BMPs and antagonists
regulate odontoblast differentiation and downstream gene expression via canonical Smad …

Craniofacial malformations are involved in three fourths of all congenital birth defects in
humans, affecting the development of head, face, or neck. Tremendous progress in the study …

A wealth of information has recently become available on the molecular signals that are
required to form and pattern the dentition in the mouse, shedding light on how important …

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a complex brain malformation resulting from incomplete
cleavage of the prosencephalon, occurring between the 18th and the 28th day of gestation …

Teeth develop from reciprocal interactions between mesenchyme cells and epithelium,
where the epithelium provides the instructive information for initiation. Based on these initial …

Mammalian dentitions are highly patterned, with different types of teeth positioned in
different regions of the jaws. BMP4 is an early oral epithelial protein signal that directs …

In mammals, the first branchial arch (BA1) develops into a number of craniofacial skeletal
elements including the jaws and teeth. Outgrowth and patterning of BA1 during early …

Vertebrate Msx genes are unlinked, homeobox-containing genes that bear homology to the
Drosophila muscle segment homeobox gene. These genes are expressed at multiple sites …

Odontoblasts are postmitotic cells that differentiate from the dental papilla. These cells are
responsible for producing the calcified dentin matrix. The pulp-odontoblast interphase …