Background/objectives Over the last ten years, an increasing number of authors have used
the theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocol to investigate long-term potentiation (LTP) and …

Background In recent years, many studies have evaluated the effects of noninvasive brain
stimulation (NIBS) techniques for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric …

Abstract Meta-analyses, published in 2008–2010, have confirmed abnormally low serum
brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in depressed patients and …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective method used to diagnose and treat
many neurological disorders. Although repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to treat a …

A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic
use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until …

While the relationship between increased physical activity and cognitive ability has been
conjectured for centuries, only recently have the mechanisms underlying this relationship …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. In spite of considerable advances in understanding the neural underpinnings of …

Several clinical studies on major depressive disorder (MDD) have shown that blood brain-
derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)–a factor used to index neuroplasticity–is associated with …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous illness for which there are currently no
effective methods to objectively assess severity, endophenotypes, or response to treatment …

Recent clinical studies demonstrate that serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF) are significantly decreased in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and …