Vascular calcification (VC), which is categorized by intimal and medial calcification,
depending on the site (s) involved within the vessel, is closely related to cardiovascular …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of premature mortality,
mainly from cardiovascular causes. The association between CKD on hemodialysis and …

In chronic kidney disease, anemia and disordered iron homeostasis are prevalent and
associated with significant adverse consequences. In 2012, Kidney Disease: Improving …

Hypoxia-inducible factor–prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) are a promising
new class of orally administered drugs currently in late-stage global clinical development for …

Hypoxia is an inherent pathophysiological characteristic of chronic kidney disease (CKD),
which is closely associated with the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis, as well …

Oxygen is essential for the maintenance of the body. Living organisms have evolved
systems to secure an oxygen environment to be proper. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays …

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), as a main transcriptional regulator of metabolic
adaptation to changes in the oxygen environment, participates in many physiological and …

Renal anaemia is a common and important complication in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD). The current standard‐of‐care treatment for renal anaemia in CKD patients …

Kidney disease is a significant health problem worldwide, affecting an estimated 10% of the
global population. Kidney disease encompasses a diverse group of disorders that vary in …

A classic response to systemic hypoxia is the increase in red blood cell production. This
response is controlled by the prolyl hydroxylase domain/hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) …