Daphnia magna is one of the most commonly used model organism to assess toxicity of
wide range of pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics, anticancer drugs, antidepressants, anti …

Many pelagic animal species in the marine environment and in lakes migrate to deeper
water layers before sunrise and return around sunset. The amplitude of these diel vertical …

Whatever theory may be advanced to explain diurnal migration, the underlying reactions
involved must be demonstrated conc-sively in the laboratory before the explanation can be …

Artificial light at night (ALAN) dramatically alters the natural daily cycle of light and may
cause a suite of physiological and behavioral responses of freshwater crustacean Daphnia …

Stomatopod crustaceans possess compound eyes divided into three distinct regions: two
peripheral retinae-the dorsal and ventral hemispheres—and the mid-band. Throughout the …

Daphnids are freshwater crustaceans used in toxicity tests. Although lethality and
immobilisation are the most commonly used endpoints in those tests, more sensitive …

In malacostracan crustaceans and insects three nested optic lobe neuropils are linked by
two successive chiasmata that reverse and then reverse again horizontal rows of retinotopic …

The use of vision to coordinate behavior requires an efficient control design that stabilizes
the world on the retina or directs the gaze towards salient features in the surroundings. With …

Giant motion-sensitive tangential neurons in the lobula plate are thought to be cardinal
elements in the oculomotor pathways of flies. However, these large neurons do not …

Humans use a 'saccade and fixate'strategy when viewing the world, with information
gathered during stabilized fixations, and saccades used to shift gaze direction as rapidly as …