ABSTRACT Background Early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD)/young‐onset Parkinson's
disease (YOPD) is defined as Parkinson's disease (PD) with an age at onset (AAO) after age …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting
older adults, and it is approximately twice as common in males compared with females. 1 …

Personalized medicine considering sex, gender, and cultural context has become the
vanguard of delivery of care. However, women's issues in Parkinson disease (PD) …

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative
disorder after Alzheimer's disease and gender differences have been described on several …

Menopause marks the end of the reproductive phase of life. Based on epidemiological
studies, abnormal age at natural menopause (ANM) is thought to contribute to a number of …

The mutation and overexpression of the alpha-synuclein protein (αSyn), described as
synucleinopathy, is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD)-like pathologies. A higher …

Sex hormones and genes on the sex chromosomes are not only key factors in the regulation
of sexual differentiation and reproduction but they are also deeply involved in brain …

Several studies showed an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and
Parkinson's disease (PD). The linking mechanisms remain unclear. MetS promotes low …

Background: It has been hypothesized that, whenever estrogen levels decline, psychosis
symptoms in women increase. At menopause, this can happen in two main ways:(a) the loss …

The greater prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in men suggest a
beneficial effect of sex hormones. Neuroactive steroids have neuroprotective activities thus …