Drug addiction is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by compulsion to seek and
take drugs and has been linked to dysregulation of brain regions that mediate reward and …

Alcohol consumption is an integral part of daily life in many societies. The benefits
associated with the production, sale, and use of alcoholic beverages come at an enormous …

Stress is commonly regarded as an important trigger for relapse and a significant factor that
promotes increased motivation to drink in some individuals. However, the relationship …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) manifest as chronic relapsing disorders, characterized by
compulsive drug taking despite serious adverse consequences, the loss of control over …

Chronic vulnerability to relapse is a formidable challenge for the treatment of drug addiction.
The neurobiological basis of relapse and its prevention has, therefore, attracted major …

Decades of research advances have established a central role for endogenous opioid
systems in regulating reward processing, mood, motivation, learning and memory …

Identification of the enigmatic nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (N/OFQ) in 1995 represented
the first successful use of reverse pharmacology and led to deorphanization of the N/OFQ …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) encompasses the dysregulation of multiple brain circuits
involved in executive function leading to excessive consumption of alcohol, despite negative …

Alcoholism is a major public health problem and resembles, in many ways, other chronic
relapsing medical conditions. At least 2 separate dimensions of its symptomatology offer …