Interferons (IFN s) have been reported in vertebrates from fish to mammals. To date, two
types of IFN s, ie type I and type II IFN s have been reported in a range of fish species in …

Abstract Interferon-gamma (IFN-ϒ) is probably one of the most relevant cytokines
orchestrating the immune response in vertebrates. Although the activities mediated by this …

This study aimed at evaluating the immunological status of Oreochromis niloticus (O.
niloticus); so, a total of 120 O. niloticus were collected from different farms located in Kafr El …

Selenium is an essential element but toxic at high levels in animals. The effects of Se on
growth performance and the immune system in Nile tilapia remain inconclusive. In this study …

Utilization of specialized Th1 cells to resist intracellular pathogenic infection represents an
important innovation of adaptive immunity. Although transcriptional evidence indicates the …

Using the unique structures found in natural materials to produce new antibacterial drugs is
crucial. Actinobacteria is well-known for its ability to produce naturally occurring chemicals …

Heterophyiasis is a highly endemic disease in the Nile Delta, Egypt, where people consume
raw or undercooked Oreochromis niloticus and Mugil cephalus. Birds and rats play a crucial …

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is regarded as one of the most important pathogens in tilapia
aquaculture worldwide. Despite this, little is known regarding disease pathogenesis and …

The research examined the impact of an ethanolic extract from the leaves of Kratom
(Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil.) on the growth, antioxidant capacity, immune-related …

Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is one of the key players in the immune system of vertebrates. The
evolution and properties of IFN-γ and its receptors in fish species are of special interest as …