ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) has a multiplicity of physiological roles that
revolve around its trivalent function: a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disorder and is the leading
cause of incurable blindness worldwide in the elderly. Clinically, AMD initially affects the …

Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes adversely affect the microvasculature in multiple organs.
Our understanding of the genesis of this injury and of potential interventions to prevent, limit …

Deregulation of angiogenesis–the growth of new blood vessels from an existing vasculature–
is a main driving force in many severe human diseases including cancer. As such, tumor …

In patients with diabetes, atherosclerosis is the main reason for impaired life expectancy,
and diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are the largest contributors to end-stage renal …

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a two-to fourfold increased risk of cardiovascular
disease. This is generally attributed to the adverse effects of hyperglycemia and oxidative …

Neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes. As a consequence of
longstanding hyperglycemia, a downstream metabolic cascade leads to peripheral nerve …

Randomized, cross-sectional, and prospective studies have demonstrated that
microvascular complications in patients with diabetes are not only the cause of blindness …

Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing progenitors that generate
all mature blood cells. HSC function is tightly controlled to maintain haematopoietic …

Although the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in mediating the flight-or-fight
response was recognized decades ago, the crucial role of peripheral innervation in …