Mitochondrial function declines during ageing owing to the accumulation of deleterious
mitochondrial genomes and damage resulting from the localized generation of reactive …

In response to diverse stress stimuli, eukaryotic cells activate a common adaptive pathway,
termed the integrated stress response (ISR), to restore cellular homeostasis. The core event …

In addition to the main, protein-coding, open reading frame (mORF), many eukaryotic
mRNAs contain upstream ORFs (uORFs) initiated at AUG or near-cognate codons residing …

A central mechanism regulating translation initiation in response to environmental stress
involves phosphorylation of the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) …

Hypoxia is a major hallmark of the tumor microenvironment that is strictly associated with
rapid cancer progression and induction of metastasis. Hypoxia inhibits disulfide bond …

Translation regulation largely occurs during initiation, which features ribosome assembly
onto mRNAs and selection of the translation start site. Short, upstream ORFs (uORFs) …

Cell signaling in response to an array of diverse stress stimuli converges on the
phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). Phosphorylation of …

Despite growing interest and a recent surge in papers, the role of autophagy in glucose and
lipid metabolism is unclear. We produced mice with skeletal muscle–specific deletion of …

Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in regulating
osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. Thus far, no study has established the …

Transfer RNA (tRNA) is traditionally considered to be an adaptor molecule that helps
ribosomes to decode messenger RNA (mRNA) and synthesize protein. Recent studies have …