The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Cullin RING E3 ligase is an essential enzyme in the ubiquitin-
proteasome system that recruits substrates such as the hypoxia inducible factor for …

Fluoropolymers have unique physicochemical properties such as hydrophobicity and
lipophobicity, good chemical stability and bio-inertness, low surface energy and phase …

Fluorine-containing amino acids are becoming increasingly prominent in new drugs due to
two general trends in the modern pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the growing acceptance of …

The introduction of fluorine atoms into molecules and materials across many fields of
academic and industrial research is now commonplace, owing to their unique properties. A …

Side chain-fluorinated amino acids are useful tools in medicinal chemistry and protein
science. In this review, we outline some general strategies for incorporating fluorine atom (s) …

The cyclic side chain of the amino acid proline confers unique conformational restraints on
its backbone and side chain dihedral angles. This affects two equilibria—one at the …

Within the canonical repertoire of the amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline
plays a unique role as an amino acid presenting a modified backbone rather than a side …

Difluorinated compounds are important structural motifs in organic synthesis and medicinal
chemistry because fluoride can modulate the properties of various molecules. In this paper …

The first asymmetric α-trifluoromethylthiolation of 2-substituted isoxazolidin-5-ones was
developed using Maruoka type N-spiro ammonium catalysts under phase-transfer …

Fluorinated prolines play an important role in peptide studies, protein engineering,
medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, and agrochemistry. Since the first synthesis of 4 …