This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth
muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical …

Background: Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), a common risk factor for cognitive
impairment, involves unspecific arteriopathy characterized by hypertrophy and endothelial …

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating stroke subtype with a high rate of
mortality and morbidity. The poor clinical outcome can be attributed to the biphasic course of …

Abstract Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a ligand for 5 specific receptors, is a potent lipid
mediator that plays important roles in lymphocyte trafficking and immune responses. S1P is …

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in combination with hypercapnic pulmonary
vasoconstriction redistributes pulmonary blood flow from poorly aerated to better ventilated …

The pulmonary epithelial and vascular endothelial cell layers provide two sequential
physical and immunological barriers that together form a semi‐permeable interface and …

Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when coronary blood flow is decreased due to an
obstruction/occlusion of the vessels, leading to myocardial death and progression to heart …

In smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the intracellular chloride ion (Cl−) concentration is high due
to accumulation by Cl−/HCO 3− exchange and Na+–K+–Cl− cotransportation. The …

Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome and affects millions of
people all over the world. HF occurs when the cardiac overload and injury, which is a …

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) optimizes pulmonary ventilation-perfusion
matching in regional hypoxia, but promotes pulmonary hypertension in global hypoxia …