Ketamine, a nonselective NMDA receptor antagonist, is used widely in medicine as an
anesthetic agent. However, ketamine's mechanisms of action lead to widespread …

The growth of the elderly population has led to an increase in patients with myocardial
infarction and stroke (Wajngarten and Silva, Eur Cardiol 14: 111–115, 2019). Patients …

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is related to inflammation driven by free mitochondrial
DNA. At the same time, the pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages, that is, polarization …

Background: Propofol is a commonly used anaesthetic with controversial effects on cancer
cells. We aimed to explore the functional roles of propofol in hepatocellular carcinoma …

Background. Hypoxia may induce mitochondrial abnormality, which is associated with a
variety of clinical phenotypes in the central nervous system. Propofol is an anesthetic agent …

Background Propofol is a common intravenous anesthetic that exerts an antitumor role in
human cancers. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in the progression of various …

BACKGROUND By inhibiting neuroinflammation dexmedetomidine may be neuroprotective
in patients undergoing cranial surgery, but it reduces cardiac output and cerebral blood flow …

Critically ill patients have a high risk of sepsis. Various studies have demonstrated that
propofol has anti-inflammatory effects that may benefit critically ill patients who require …

Macrophages work with monocytes and dendritic cells to form a monocyte immune system,
which constitutes a powerful cornerstone of the immune system with their powerful antigen …

Studies on the neuroprotective effects of anesthetics were carried out more than half a
century ago. Subsequently, many cell and animal experiments attempted to verify the …