Geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs) are ubiquitous oscillatory flow phenomena observed in
toroidal magnetic confinement fusion plasmas, such as tokamaks and stellarators. They are …

The present status of zonal flow experiments is reviewed with the historical process to attain
the concept of zonal flows, which provides a new framework for understanding turbulence …

This paper reviews measurements of edge plasma turbulence in toroidal magnetic fusion
devices with an emphasis on recent results in tokamaks. The dominant feature of edge …

Zonal flows, which means azimuthally symmetric band-like shear flows, are ubiquitous
phenomena in nature and the laboratory. It is now widely recognized that zonal flows are a …

The toroidal symmetry of the geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) zonal flows is identified with
toroidally distributed three step Langmuir probes at the edge of the HuanLiuqi-2A …

In this paper, recent progress on experimental analysis and theoretical models for non-local
transport (non-Fickian fluxes in real space) is reviewed. The non-locality in the heat and …

The present status of experiments on zonal flows in magnetic confinement experiments is
examined. The innovative use of traditional and modern diagnostics has revealed …

The energetic interaction between drift-wave turbulence and zonal flows is studied
experimentally in two-dimensional wave number space. The kinetic energy is found to be …

The geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) is a coherently oscillating zonal flow that may regulate
turbulence in toroidal plasmas. Uniquely, the complete poloidal and toroidal structure of the …

Density fluctuations in I-mode discharges in ASDEX Upgrade are studied. The I-mode
specific weakly coherent mode (WCM) appears at the transition from the L to I-mode. The …