Abstract The evolution of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) begins in1940s when McCulloch
and Pitts published research articles in 1943 discussing about the idea of neural network in …

Nonstationary fuzzy inference systems (NFISs) model the variation in opinions of individual
experts and expert groups. They have the capability similar to type-2 fuzzy systems in some …

Elman neural network (ENN) is one of the local recursive networks with a feedback
mechanism. The parameter conjugate gradient method is a promising alternative to the …

In 2012, Rivaie et al. introduced RMIL conjugate gradient (CG) method which is globally
convergent under the exact line search. Later, Dai (2016) pointed out abnormality in the …

Elman network is a classical recurrent neural network with an internal delay feedback. In this
paper, we propose a recalling-enhanced recurrent neural network (RERNN) which has a …

In this paper, a hybrid version of the Rivaie–Mustafa–Ismail–Leong, RMIL for short,
conjugate gradient method is proposed for unconstrained optimization problem. The search …

The Spectral conjugate gradient (SCG) methods are among the efficient variants of CG
algorithms which are obtained by combining the spectral gradient parameter and CG …

When using an implicit numerical integration algorithm to implement a highly nonlinear
elasto-plastic constitutive models in FEM simulations, some difficulties would encounter …

The three-term conjugate gradient (CG) algorithms are among the efficient variants of CG
algorithms for solving optimization models. This is due to their simplicity and low memory …

The robustness and efficiency of the first-order reliability method (FORM) are the important
issues in the structural reliability analysis. In this paper, a hybrid conjugate search direction …