The trapezoid body (TB) contains axons of neurons residing in the anteroventral cochlear
nucleus (AVCN) that provide excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the main monaural and …

Coincidence detection by binaural neurons in the medial superior olive underlies sensitivity
to interaural time difference (ITD) and interaural correlation (ρ). It is unclear whether this …

The binaural masking level difference (BMLD) is an auditory phenomenon where binaural
tone-in-noise detection is improved when the phase of either signal or noise is inverted in …

The hippocampus was first named in mammals based on the appearance of its gross
morphological features, one end of it being fancied to resemble the head of a horse and the …

A wide variety of neurons encode temporal information via phase-locked spikes. In the avian
auditory brainstem, neurons in the cochlear nucleus magnocellularis (NM) send phase …

Extracellular field potentials (EFP) are widely used to evaluate in vivo neural activity, but
identification of multiple sources and their relative contributions is often ambiguous, making …

Sound localization relies on minute differences in the timing and intensity of sound arriving
at both ears. Neurons of the lateral superior olive (LSO) in the brainstem process these …

Detection of interaural time differences (ITDs) is crucial for sound localization in most
vertebrates. The current view is that optimal computational strategies of ITD detection …

Local field potentials are important indicators of in vivo neural activity. Sustained, phase-
locked, sound-evoked extracellular fields in the mammalian auditory brainstem, known as …

The barn owl is a nocturnal predator with excellent sound localization ability. Due to the
asymmetric ears of this bird, the interaural time and level differences, respectively, provide …