The past decade has witnessed exponentially growing interest in the lateral habenula (LHb)
owing to new discoveries relating to its critical role in regulating negatively motivated …

Stress is a primary risk factor for several neuropsychiatric disorders. Evidence from
preclinical models and clinical studies of depression have revealed an array of structural …

Background The inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) have been considered crucial
components of the pathogenesis of depression. Edaravone (EDA), a free radical scavenger …

Chronic stress is a major risk factor for depression onset. However, it remains unclear how
repeated stress sculpts neural circuits and finally elicits depression. Given the essential role …

Downward social mobility is a well-known mental risk factor for depression, but its neural
mechanism remains elusive. Here, by forcing mice to lose against their subordinates in a …

Depression is an episodic form of mental illness characterized by mood state transitions with
poorly understood neurobiological mechanisms. Antidepressants reverse the effects of …

The acute stress response mobilizes energy to meet situational demands and re-establish
homeostasis. However, the underlying molecular cascades are unclear. Here, we use a brief …

Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, has revolutionized the
treatment of depression because of its potent, rapid and sustained antidepressant effects …

The sucrose preference test (SPT) measures the relative preference of sucrose over water to
assess hedonic behaviors in rodents. Yet, it remains uncertain to what extent the SPT …

Decreased pleasure-seeking (anhedonia) forms a core symptom of depression. Stressful
experiences precipitate depression and disrupt reward-seeking, but it remains unclear how …