The protective role of estrogen and estrogen receptors in cardiovascular disease and the controversial use of estrogen therapy

A Iorga, CM Cunningham, S Moazeni… - Biology of sex …, 2017 - Springer
Epidemiologic studies have previously suggested that premenopausal females have
reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when compared to age-matched males …

Mechanistic pathways of sex differences in cardiovascular disease

V Regitz-Zagrosek, G Kararigas - Physiological reviews, 2017 - journals.physiology.org
Major differences between men and women exist in epidemiology, manifestation,
pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as …

The role of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in atherosclerotic plaque instability

T Li, X Li, Y Feng, G Dong, Y Wang… - Mediators of …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) belongs to the MMP family and has been widely
investigated. Excessive MMP‐9 expression can enhance extracellular matrix degradation …

Cardiovascular effects of exercise training: molecular mechanisms

S Gielen, G Schuler, V Adams - Circulation, 2010 - Am Heart Assoc
In the natural habitat of our ancestors, physical activity was not a preventive intervention but
a matter of survival. In this hostile environment with scarce food and ubiquitous dangers …

Sex differences in vascular physiology and pathophysiology: estrogen and androgen signaling in health and disease

AC Boese, SC Kim, KJ Yin, JP Lee… - American Journal of …, 2017 - journals.physiology.org
Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when
studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are …

Concise review: circulating endothelial progenitor cells for vascular medicine

T Asahara, A Kawamoto, H Masuda - Stem cells, 2011 - academic.oup.com
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been isolated and shown to be effective in animal
models of ischemia, and many groups involved in clinical trials have demonstrated that EPC …

[HTML][HTML] Sex, gender, and sex hormones in pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure

J Hester, C Ventetuolo, T Lahm - Comprehensive Physiology, 2019 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses a syndrome of diseases that are characterized
by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling and that …

Role of exercise in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: results, mechanisms, and new perspectives

G Schuler, V Adams, Y Goto - European heart journal, 2013 - academic.oup.com
On an empirical basis, exercise has been regarded as a fundamental pre-requisite for
human well-being and physical integrity since classical times. Only in the last decades …

eNOS activation by physical forces: from short-term regulation of contraction to chronic remodeling of cardiovascular tissues

JL Balligand, O Feron, C Dessy - Physiological reviews, 2009 - journals.physiology.org
Nitric oxide production in response to flow-dependent shear forces applied on the surface of
endothelial cells is a fundamental mechanism of regulation of vascular tone, peripheral …

Sex-related differences in myocardial remodeling

M Piro, R Della Bona, A Abbate, LM Biasucci… - Journal of the American …, 2010 - jacc.org
Sex has a profound impact on myocardial remodeling, which is defined as the molecular
and cellular events after an injury to the myocardium (ie, necrosis, pressure overload …