During the ongoing biodiversity crisis, captive conservation and breeding programs offer a
refuge for species to persist and provide source populations for reintroduction efforts …

Women and men are suggested to have differences in vulnerability to neuropsychiatric
disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) …

Background: The human gut microbiome comprise a huge number of microorganisms with
co-evolutionary associations with humans. It has been repeatedly revealed that bidirectional …

Psychological stress has profound effects on gastrointestinal function, and investigations
over the past few decades have examined the mechanisms by which neural and hormonal …

According to Descartes, minds and bodies are distinct kinds of “substance”, and they cannot
have causal interactions. However, in neuroscience, the two-way interaction between the …

Background Commensal gut microbiota play an important role in regulating metabolic and
inflammatory conditions. Reshaping intestinal microbiota through pharmacologic means …

The role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in human brain development and function is an
area of increasing interest and research. Preclinical models suggest a role for the microbiota …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely used drugs for their anti-inflammatory and
immunosuppressant effects, but they are associated with multiple adverse effects. Despite …

Psychological stress in a chronic course is implicated in various diseases, such as coronary
artery disease, diabetes, ulcerative colitis, and psychosomatic pain disorders. Commensal …

Background Intestinal bacteria produce metabolites and by‐products necessary for
homeostasis. Imbalance in this equilibrium is linked to multiple pathologies including …