The members of the Management and Therapy Subcommittee undertook an evidence-
based review of current dry eye therapies and management options. Management options …

The members of the Tear Film Subcommittee reviewed the role of the tear film in dry eye
disease (DED). The Subcommittee reviewed biophysical and biochemical aspects of tears …

Background Malnutrition and dehydration are widespread in older people, and obesity is an
increasing problem. In clinical practice, it is often unclear which strategies are suitable and …

There is a long-standing dispute about indoor air humidity and perceived indoor air quality
(IAQ) and associated health effects. Complaints about sensory irritation in eyes and upper …

Abstract The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms
involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is …

One of the most compelling features of dry eye disease (DED) is that it occurs more
frequently in women than men. In fact, the female sex is a significant risk factor for the …

This review defines water-loss and salt-loss dehydration. For older people serum osmolality
appears the most appropriate gold standard for diagnosis of water-loss dehydration, but …

Nutrients, required by human bodies to perform life-sustaining functions, are obtained from
the diet. They are broadly classified into macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) …

Objective To evaluate the evidence in the peer-reviewed literature regarding the use of tear
osmolarity as a physiological marker to diagnose, grade severity, and track therapeutic …

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led many countries of the world
to impose a series of containment measures such as lockdowns (mass quarantines) …