Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide. It is usually identified as a
stimulant because of a high content of caffeine. However, caffeine is not the only coffee …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder,
characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration, motor impairment and non-motor …

This review provides details on the phytochemicals in green coffee beans and the changes
that occur during roasting. Key compounds in the coffee beverage, produced from the …

Animal experimentation in the Parkinson's disease (PD) field is a classic example of how the
use of animal models to study diseases can have a significant impact on human health …

Our understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases has advanced enormously in recent
decades. As a consequence, drug discovery has gradually shifted from an entirely …

The popularity of caffeine as a psychoactive drug is due to its stimulant properties, which
depend on its ability to reduce adenosine transmission in the brain. Adenosine A 1 and A 2A …

A. Cellular and Subcellular Localization B. Pharmacological Tools to Study Adenosine
Receptors C. Signaling Via Adenosine Receptors D. Regulation of Receptor Expression and …

Adenosine acts in parallel as a neuromodulator and as a homeostatic modulator in the
central nervous system. Its neuromodulatory role relies on a balanced activation of inhibitory …

Adenosine is a neuromodulator that operates via the most abundant inhibitory adenosine A
1 receptors (A 1 Rs) and the less abundant, but widespread, facilitatory A 2A Rs. It is …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second leading neurodegenerative disease globally,
impacting the quality of life of millions of people. It is estimated that the treatment cost of PD …