Neuropathic pain arises as a consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the
somatosensory system. It is generally chronic and challenging to treat. The recommended …

Many are frustrated with the lack of translational progress in the pain field, in which huge
gains in basic science knowledge obtained using animal models have not led to the …

The intervertebral disc is a cartilaginous structure that resembles articular cartilage in its
biochemistry, but morphologically it is clearly different. It shows degenerative and ageing …

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the largest avascular organ of the body. It is composed of
three parts: the nucleus pulposus (NP), the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the cartilaginous …

▪ Abstract: This review article describes anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology and treatment
of intervertebral disc. The intervertebral discs lie between the vertebral bodies, linking them …

Chronic pain can occur after peripheral nerve injury, infection, or inflammation. Under such
neuropathic pain conditions, sensory processing in the affected body region becomes …

Study design. The effects of nucleus pulposus and various treatments to block tumor
necrosis factor α activity were evaluated in an experimental set-up using …

The basic pathophysiologic mechanisms related to disc herniation and sciatica are poorly
understood. Recently it was demonstrated that nucleus pulposus from an intervertebral disc …

Study Design. This study was designed to examine the behaviorial immunohistochemical
changes of spinal glial cells and spinal Interleukin (IL)-1β expression after various nerve root …

Study Design. The possibility to prevent nucleus pulposus-induced functional and structural
nerve root injury by selective tumor necrosis factor-α inhibition was assessed in an …