Active systems evade the rules of equilibrium thermodynamics by constantly dissipating
energy at the level of their microscopic components. This energy flux stems from the …

Active matter encompasses systems whose individual constituents dissipate energy to exert
propelling forces on their environment. These systems exhibit dynamical phenomena with …

Abstract Systems coupled to multiple thermodynamic reservoirs can exhibit nonequilibrium
dynamics, breaking detailed balance to generate currents. To power these currents, the …

These lecture notes are designed to provide a brief introduction into the phenomenology of
active matter and to present some of the analytical tools used to rationalize the emergent …

Active-matter systems operate far from equilibrium because of the continuous energy
injection at the scale of constituent particles. At larger scales, described by coarse-grained …

Cells are the basic units of all living matter which harness the flow of energy to drive the
processes of life. While the biochemical networks involved in energy transduction are well …

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations yield a lower bound on entropy production in terms of
the mean and fluctuations of a current. We derive their general form for systems under …

Living systems maintain or increase local order by working against the second law of
thermodynamics. Thermodynamic consistency is restored as they consume free energy …

Eukaryotic cells face the challenging task of transporting a variety of particles through the
complex intracellular milieu in order to deliver, distribute, and mix the many components that …

Complex physical dynamics can often be modeled as a Markov jump process between
mesoscopic configurations. When jumps between mesoscopic states are mediated by …