Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic
activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that contain a specific composition of proteins, lipids,
RNA, and DNA. They are derived from endocytic membranes and can transfer signals to …

The cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) that may have an endosomal origin, or from
evaginations of the plasma membrane. The former are usually called exosomes, with sizes …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute vesicles with lipid bilayer membranes. EVs are
secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Recently, EVs have received much …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) occurs as a result of an imbalance of the anabolic
and catabolic processes in the intervertebral disc, leading to an alteration in the composition …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles characterized by their size, source, release mechanism
and contents. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single stranded non-coding RNAs transcribed from …

Rationale: Emerging evidence indicates that the growth of blood vessels and osteogenesis
is tightly coordinated during bone development. However, the molecular regulators of …

Retinal ischemia is a major cause of vision loss and impairment and a common underlying
mechanism associated with diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and central …

Growth factors in serum-free conditioned media from human bone marrow-derived
mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) are known to be effective in bone regeneration …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, acting
as delivery vehicles for molecular messages. During the last decade, EVs have been …