Numerous agents targeting various phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway
components, including PI3K, AKT and mTOR, have been tested in oncology clinical trials …

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a complex and aggressive subtype of breast cancer
which lacks oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and HER2 amplification, thereby …

Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous, aggressive
phenotype of breast cancer with associated chemoresistance. The development of chemo-or …

The activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFΚB), a proinflammatory transcription factor, is a
commonly observed phenomenon in breast cancer. It facilitates the development of a …

When PI3K (phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase) is activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, it
phosphorylates PIP2 to generate PIP3 and activates the signaling pathway. Phosphatase …

Molecular communication (MC) and molecular network (MN) are communication paradigms
that use biochemical signaling to achieve information exchange among naturally and …

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast
cancer accounting for 15-20% of cases and is defined by the lack of hormonal receptors viz …

P85α, which acts as a tumour suppressor, is frequently found to be downregulated in various
human cancers. However, the role of p85α in the tumour microenvironment is unknown …

Breast cancer (BC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by distinct molecular subtypes
and varying responses to treatment. In BC, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway …

Purpose: Metastatic breast cancers continue to elude current therapeutic strategies,
including those utilizing PI3K inhibitors. Given the prominent role of PI3Kα, β in tumor growth …