Background Long‐acting bronchodilators such as long‐acting β‐agonist (LABA), long‐
acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and LABA/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) combinations …

Background: This document provides clinical recommendations for the pharmacologic
treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It represents a collaborative …

Introduction Accumulated high-quality data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs)
indicate that long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) …

Rationale: There is uncertainty on the optimal first-line therapy for symptomatic chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Long-acting β2-receptor agonists (LABAs) and long …

Objective Long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs)
are burdened by the potential risk of inducing cardiovascular serious adverse events (SAEs) …

Metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are one of the most common device types for delivering
inhaled therapies. However, there are several technical challenges in development and …

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the current evidence for long-acting β2-
agonist (LABA)/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) …

This gamma scintigraphy imaging study was the first to assess pulmonary and extrathoracic
deposition and regional lung deposition patterns of a radiolabelled long-acting muscarinic …

Introduction Glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate metered dose inhaler (GFF MDI), formulated
using co-suspension delivery technology, is the only approved fixed-dose combination long …

Background COPD is a major global cause of mortality and morbidity. PINNACLE-4
evaluated the efficacy and safety of GFF MDI (glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate metered …