The genotype–fitness map (that is, the fitness landscape) is a key determinant of evolution,
yet it has mostly been used as a superficial metaphor because we know little about its …

Advances in sequencing techniques and statistical methods have made it possible not only
to predict sequences of ancestral proteins but also to identify thousands of mutations in the …

The structure of fitness landscapes is critical for understanding adaptive protein evolution.
Previous empirical studies on fitness landscapes were confined to either the neighborhood …

Natural selection drives evolving populations up the fitness landscape, the projection from
nucleotide sequence space to organismal reproductive success. While it has long been …

Antibiotic resistance represents a growing health crisis that necessitates the immediate
discovery of novel treatment strategies. One such strategy is the identification of collateral …

The concept of a fitness landscape is a powerful metaphor that offers insight into various
aspects of evolutionary processes and guidance for the study of evolution. Until recently …

The evolution of antibiotic resistance can now be rapidly tracked with high-throughput
technologies for bacterial genotyping and phenotyping. Combined with new approaches to …

A longstanding goal of biology is to identify the key genes and species that critically impact
evolution, ecology, and health. Network analysis has revealed keystone species that …

Predicting evolutionary paths to antibiotic resistance is key for understanding and controlling
drug resistance. When considering a single final resistant genotype, epistatic contingencies …

Functional effects of different mutations are known to combine to the total effect in highly
nontrivial ways. For the trait under evolutionary selection ('fitness'), measured values over all …