Antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 rescue T
cells from exhausted status and revive immune response against cancer cells. Based on the …

Strategies to therapeutically target the tumor microenvironment (TME) have emerged as a
promising approach for cancer treatment in recent years due to the critical roles of the TME …

Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) include tumor cells, immune cells, cytokines, etc.
The interactions between these components, which are divided into anti-tumor and pro …

The two T cell inhibitory receptors PD-1 and TIM-3 are co-expressed during exhausted T cell
differentiation, and recent evidence suggests that their crosstalk regulates T cell exhaustion …

Several mechanisms and cell types are involved in the regulation of the immune response.
These include mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory macrophages (Mregs), myeloid …

The T lymphocyte, especially its capacity for antigen-directed cytotoxicity, has become a
central focus for engaging the immune system in the fight against cancer. Basic science …

In one decade, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) has become
a new pillar of cancer treatment following surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted …

Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising cancer treatment modality. Despite the rapid
progress in cancer immunotherapy, the therapeutic efficiency and clinical translation of …

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), mainly including anti-programmed
cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T …

During pregnancy, various immune effectors and molecules participating in the immune-
microenvironment establish specific maternal tolerance toward the semi-allogeneic fetus …