Fossil pollen records are well-established indicators of past vegetation changes. The
prevalence of pollen across environmental settings including lakes, wetlands, and marine …

We report progress on the ongoing recalibration of the Wolf sunspot number (SN) and group-
sunspot number (GN) following the release of version 2.0 of SN in 2015. This report …

The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), the dominant year-round pattern of monthly North
Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability, is an important target of ongoing research …

We assess the relationship between temperature and global sea-level (GSL) variability over
the Common Era through a statistical metaanalysis of proxy relative sea-level …

The role of time in ecology has a long history of investigation, but ecologists have largely
restricted their attention to the influence of concurrent abiotic conditions on rates and …

An “offline” approach to DA is used, where static ensemble samples are drawn from existing
CMIP climate‐model simulations to serve as the prior estimate of climate variables. We use …

Climate field reconstructions from networks of tree-ring proxy data can be used to
characterize regional-scale climate changes, reveal spatial anomaly patterns associated …

The alkenone‐based U proxy is a cornerstone of paleoclimatology, providing insight into the
temperature history of the Earth's surface ocean. Although the relationship between U and …

A proxy system model may be defined as the complete set of forward and mechanistic
processes by which the response of a sensor to environmental forcing is recorded and …

Hydroclimate extremes critically affect human and natural systems, but there remain many
unanswered questions about their causes and how to interpret their dynamics in the past …