The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to
the northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout the South and North …

Revolutionary observational arrays, together with a new generation of ocean and climate
models, have provided new and intriguing insights into the Atlantic Meridional Overturning …

We document the configuration and emergent simulation features from the Geophysical
Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) OM4. 0 ocean/sea ice model. OM4 serves as the …

Abstract We describe the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4. 0 physical climate
model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this …

The water mass transformation (WMT) framework weaves together circulation,
thermodynamics, and biogeochemistry into a description of the ocean that complements …

Cold ocean temperature anomalies have been observed in the mid-to high-latitude North
Atlantic on interannual to centennial timescales. Most notably, a large region of persistently …

Ocean reanalyses combine ocean models, atmospheric forcing fluxes, and observations
using data assimilation to give a four-dimensional description of the ocean. Metrics …

Sea surface temperatures in the northern North Atlantic have shown a marked decrease
over the past several years. The sea surface in the subpolar gyre is now as cold as it was …

The overturning streamfunction as measured at the OSNAP (Overturning in the Subpolar
North Atlantic Program) mooring array represents the transformation of warm, salty Atlantic …

The observational network around the North Atlantic has improved significantly over the last
few decades with subsurface profiling floats and satellite observations and the recent efforts …