Objectives Craniofacial-and headache disorders are common co-morbid disorders. The aim
of this review is to provide an overview of the research discussing craniofacial pain …

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) consists of bone, cartilage, ligaments, and associated
masticatory muscles and tendons that coordinate to enable mastication in mammals. The …

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients report severe function-induced
pain at the site of the primary tumor. The current hypothesis is that oral cancer pain is …

BACKGROUND The trigeminal nerve directly innervates key vascular structures both
centrally and peripherally. Centrally, it is known to innervate the brainstem and cavernous …

Objectives Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) causes severe pain and
opioids, the mainstay of pain management, may have immunomodulatory effects. We …

The use of opioids for the relief of pain and headache disorders has been studied for years.
Nowadays, particularly because of its ability to produce analgesia in various pain models …

Statement of problem Complete denture wearers present with less sensory function than
dentate individuals because of the loss of periodontal receptors. However, the role of the …

The sphenoid bone development occurs in both prenatal and postnatal periods. Sphenoid
bone openings are used as surgical landmarks and are of great importance for …

Importance Pain management following pediatric adenotonsillectomies is opioid-inclusive,
leading to potential complications. Objective To investigate the use of suprazygomatic …

Hyperalgesia occurs in the orofacial region of rats when estrogen levels are low, although
the specific mechanism needs to be investigated further. Furthermore, oxidative stress plays …