There are at least 21 families of enveloped viruses that infect mammals, and many contain
members of high concern for global human health. All enveloped viruses have a dedicated …

Protein-mediated membrane fusion is the dynamic process where specialized protein
machinery undergoes dramatic conformational changes that drive two membrane bilayers …

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F glycoprotein is a class I fusion protein that mediates
viral entry and is a major target of neutralizing antibodies. Structures of prefusion forms of …

Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses with a negative-sense single strand RNA genome
and are widespread among a great variety of organisms. In their membrane, they have a …

The hemagglutinin (HA) glycoproteins of influenza viruses play a key role in binding host
cell receptors and in mediating virus-host cell membrane fusion during virus infection. Upon …

Toscana virus is a major cause of arboviral disease in humans in the Mediterranean basin
during summer. However, early virus-host cell interactions and entry mechanisms remain …

Mokola virus (MOKV) belongs to the lyssavirus genus. As other genus members—including
rabies virus (RABV)—it causes deadly encephalitis in mammals. MOKV entry into host cells …

Cellular entry of influenza virus is mediated by the viral protein hemagglutinin (HA), which
forms an initial complex of three HA1 and three HA2 subunits. Each HA2 includes a fusion …

Viruses are particles with diverse shapes and sizes, ranging from a few dozen nanometers
to micrometers. They are made up of repetitive blocks of proteins, and sometimes, lipids and …

The term" zoonosis" is derived from the Greek words" zoon" and" nosos", meaning animal
and illness. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it includes any disease or …