Neural tube defects are severe congenital malformations affecting around one in every 1000
pregnancies. An innovation in clinical management has come from the finding that closure of …

The establishment of planar cell polarity (PCP) in epithelial and mesenchymal cells is a
critical, evolutionarily conserved process during development and organogenesis. Analyses …

It is fundamentally important that signaling gradients provide positional information to govern
morphogenesis of multicellular organisms. Morphogen gradients can generate different cell …

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common, severe congenital malformations whose causation
involves multiple genes and environmental factors. Although more than 200 genes are …

Frizzled proteins are the principal receptors for the Wnt family of ligands. They mediate
canonical Wnt signaling together with Lrp5 and Lrp6 coreceptors. In conjunction with Celsr …

Neural tube defects (NTDs), including spina bifida and anencephaly, represent the most
severe and common malformations of the central nervous system affecting 0.7–3 per 1000 …

Craniorachischisis (CRN) is a severe neural tube defect (NTD) resulting from failure to
initiate closure, leaving the hindbrain and spinal neural tube entirely open. Clues to the …

Frizzled receptors are the mediators of the wnt canonical and non-canonical pathways,
which play fundamental roles in cell differentiation and organism development. A large body …

Gastrulation and neurulation are successive morphogenetic processes that play key roles in
shaping the basic embryonic body plan. Importantly, they operate through common cellular …

Frizzled (Fz) 2 and Fz7, together with Fz1, form a distinct subfamily within the Frizzled family
of Wnt receptors. Using targeted gene deletion, we show that: Fz7−/− mice exhibit tail …